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Gary K. Grunwald, Ph.D.
Associate Professor

Department/Division:
Department of Preventive Medicine and Biometrics, and Department of Pediatrics

Contact information:
Office Location: JFK 0L27
Phone number: (303) 315-9030
email: Gary.Grunwald@uchsc.edu

Area of Research:
Dr. Grunwald does biostatistical work for the CHN. This includes supporting research of other investigators in the Nutrition Center by analyzing data and preparing manuscripts and proposals, and also doing research in statistical methods for nutrition. He also does statistical work for the Cardiac Research Division, Denver VA Medical Center, and teaches and supervises graduate students in Biometrics. His research interests in nutrition include statistical analysis of dietary records.

Educational/Professional Background:
Dr. Grunwald joined the UCD faculty in 1996. He received his PhD in Statistics from the University of Washington, Seattle, WA in 1987 and thereafter spent 8 years as a faculty member in the Statistics Department at the University of Melbourne, Australia.

Publications:

  1. Grunwald GK, Raftery AE, Guttorp P. (1993) Time series of continuous proportions. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series B, 55:103-116.
  2. Ng MP, Grunwald GK. (1997) Non-linear regression analysis of the joint-regression model, Biometrics, 53:1366-1372.
  3. Grunwald GK, Hamza K, Hyndman RJ. (1997) Some properties and generalizations of Bayesian time series models. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series B, 59: 615-626.
  4. Grunwald GK, Hyndman RJ. (1998) Smoothing non-Gaussian time series with autoregressive structure. Computational Statistics and Data Analysis, 28:171-191.
  5. Wyatt HR, Grunwald GK, Seagle HM, Klem ML, McGuire MT, Wing RR, Hill JO. (1999) Resting energy expenditure in reduced-obese subjects in the National Weight Control Registry. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 69:1189-1193.
  6. Astrup A, Ryan L, Grunwald GK, Storgaard M, Saris W, Melanson E, Hill JO. (2000) The role of dietary fat in body fatness: evidence from a preliminary meta-analysis of ad libitum low-fat dietary intervention studies. British Journal of Nutrition, 83, Suppl. 1: S25-S32.
  7. Grunwald GK, Jones RH. (2000) Markov models for time series with mixed distribution. Environmetrics, 11:327-339.
  8. Hyndman RJ, Grunwald GK. (2000) Generalized additive modeling of mixed distribution Markov models with application to Melbourne's rainfall. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Statistics, 42:145-158.
  9. Marshall JA, Grunwald GK, Donahoo W, Scarbro S, Shetterly SM. (2000) Percent body fat and lean mass explain the gender difference in leptin: analysis and interpretation of leptin in Hispanic and non-Hispanic white adults. Obesity Research, 8:543-552.
  10. Grunwald GK, Hyndman RJ, Tedesco LM, Tweedie RL. (2000) Non-Gaussian conditional linear AR(1) models. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Statistics, 42:479-495.
  11. Astrup A, Grunwald GK, Melanson EL, Saris W, Hill JO. (2000) The role of low fat diets in body weight control: A meta-analysis of ad libitum dietary intervention studies. International Journal of Obesity, 24:1545-1552.
  12. Agerholm-Larsen L, Bell ML, Grunwald GK, Astrup A. (2000) The effect of a probiotic milk product on plasma cholesterol - a meta-analysis of short-term intervention studies. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 54:856-860.
  13. Shepard TY, Weil KW, Sharp TS, Grunwald GK, Bell ML, Hill JO, Eckel RH. (2001) Occasional physical inactivity combined with a high-fat diet may be important in the development and maintenance of obesity in human subjects. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 73:703-708.
  14. Plomondon ME, Cleveland JC Jr., Ludwig ST, Grunwald GK, Kiefe CI, Grover FL, Shroyer AL. (2001) Off-pump coronary artery bypass is associated with improved risk-adjusted outcomes. Annals of Thoracic Surgery, 72:114-119.
  15. Grunwald GK, Seagle HM, Peters JC, Hill JO. (2001) Quantifying and separating the effects of macronutrient composition and non-macronutrients on energy density. British Journal of Nutrition, 86:265-276.
  16. Gardner SC, Grunwald GK, Rumsfeld JS, Mackenzie T, Gao D, Perlin JB, McDonald G, Shroyer AL. (2001) Risk factors for intermediate-term survival following coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Annals of Thoracic Surgery, 72:2033-2037.
  17. Wyatt HR, Grunwald GK, Mosca CL, Klem ML, Wing RR, Hill JO. (2002) Long-term weight loss and breakfast in subjects in the National Weight Control Registry. Obesity Research, 10:78-82.
  18. Tooze JA, Grunwald GK, Jones RH. (2002) Analysis of repeated measures data with clumping at zero. Statistical Methods in Medical Research, 11:341-355.
  19. Melanson EL, Sharp TA, Seagle HM, Horton TJ, Donahoo WT, Grunwald GK, Hamilton JT, Hill JO. (2002) The effect of exercise intensity on 24 h energy expenditure and nutrient oxiation. Journal of Applied Physiology, 92:1045-1052.
  20. Miller LA, Grunwald GK, Johnson SL, Krebs NF. (2002) Disease severity at time of referral for pediatric failure to thrive and obesity: time for a paradigm shift? Journal of Pediatrics, 141:121-124.
  21. Sharp TA, Bell ML, Grunwald GK, Schmitz KH, Sidney S, Lewis CE, Tolan K, Hill JO. (2002) Differences in resting metabolic rate between Caucasian and African American young adults in the CARDIA study. Obesity Research, 10:726-732.
  22. Plenge JK, Hernandez TL, Weil KM, Poirier P, Grunwald GK, Marcovina SM, Eckel RH. (2002) Simvastatin lowers C-reactive protein within 14 days; an effect independent of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol reduction. Circulation, 106:1447-1452.
  23. Rumsfeld JS, Plomondon ME, Peterson ED, Shlipak MG, Maynard C, Grunwald GK, Grover FL, Shroyer ALW. (2002) The impact of ethnicity on outcomes following coronary artery bypass graft surgery in the Veterans Health Administration. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 40:1786-1793.
  24. Cornier MA, Tate CW, Grunwald GK, Bessesen DH. (2002) Relationship between waist circumference, body mass index, and medical care costs. Obesity Research, 10:1167-1172.
  25. Melanson EL, Sharp TA, Seagle HM, Donahoo WT, Grunwald GK, Peters JC, Hamilton JT, Hill JO. (2002) Resistance and Aerobic Exercise have similar effects on 24-h nutrient oxidation. Medicine and science in sports and exercise, 34:1793-1800.
  26. Rumsfeld JS, Magid DJ, Plomondon ME, Sales AE, Grunwald GK, Every NR, Spertus JA. (2003) History of depression, angina, and quality of life after acute coronary syndromes. American Heart Journal, 145:493-499.
  27. Gao D, Grunwald GK, Rumsfeld JS, Mackenzie T, McDonald G, Perlin J, Grover, F, Shroyer ALW (2003). Variation in the Effects of Mortality Risk Factors Over Time Following Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery. Annals of Thoracic Surgery, 75:74-81.
  28. Melanson EL, Sharp TA, Schneider J, Donahoo WT, Grunwald GK, Hill JO. (2003) Relation between calcium intake and fat oxidation in adult humans. International Journal of Obesity, 27:196-203.
  29. Grunwald GK, Melanson EL, Forster JE, Seagle HM, Sharp TA, Hill JO. (2003) Comparison of methods for achieving 24-hour energy balance in a whole-room indirect calorimeter. Obesity Research, 11:752-759.
  30. Sharp TA, Grunwald GK, Giltinan KEK, King DL, Jatkauskas CJ, Hill JO. (2003) Association of anthropometric measures with risk of diabetes and cardiovascular disease in Hispanic and Caucasian adolescents. Preventive Medicine, 37;611-616.
  31. Kosmiski LA, Kuritzkes DR, Sharp TA, Hamilton JT, Lichtenstein KA, Mosca CL, Grunwald GK, Eckel RH, Hill JO. (2003) Total energy expenditure and carbohydrate oxidation are increased in the human immunodeficiency lipodystrophy syndrome. Metabolism, 52:620-625.
  32. Gardner SL, Grunwald GK, Rumsfeld, JS, Cleveland JC, Schooley LM, Gao D, Grover FL, McDonald GO, Shroyer AL. (2004) Comparison of short-term mortality risk factors for valve replacement versus coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Annals of Thoracic Surgery, 77:549-556.
  33. O'Brien MM, Shroyer ALW, Moritz TE, London MJ, Grunwald, GK, VillaNueva CB, Thottapurathu LG, MaWhinney S, Marshall G, McCarthy M, Henderson WG, Sethi GK, Grover FL, Hammermeister KE. (2004) Relationship between processes of care and coronary bypass operative mortality and morbidity. Medical Care, 42:59-70.
  34. Grunwald GK, Sullivan DK, Hise M, Donnelly JE, Jacobsen DJ, Johnson SL, Hill JO. (2003) Number of days, number of subjects, and sources of variation in longitudinal intervention or cross-over feeding trials with multiple days of measurement. British Journal of Nutrition, 90:1087-1095.
  35. Hambidge KM, Raboy V, Grunwald GK, Huffer JW, Knievel K, Westcott JL, Sian L, Miller LV, Dorsch JA, Krebs NF. Zinc absorption from maize with different levels of phytate. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, to appear.
  36. Ho MP, Masoudi FA, Peterson ED, Grunwald GK, Sales AE, Hammermeister KE, Rumsfeld JS. Cardiology management improves secondary prevention measures among patients with coronary artery disease. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, to appear.
  37. Wyatt HR, Peters JC, Reed GW, Grunwald GK, Barry M, Thompson H, Jones J, Hill JO. Using electronic step counters to increase lifestyle physical activity: Colorado on the Move™. Journal of Physical Activity and Health, to appear.
  38. Mosca CL, Marshall JA, Grunwald GK, Baxter J, Cornier MA. Insulin sensitivity modifies the relationship between dietary fat intake and weight gain. International Journal of Obesity, to appear.

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