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Nancy F. Krebs, MD
Professor of Pediatrics

Department/Division:
Department of Pediatrics, Section of Nutrition

Contact information:
Office Location: JFK 3L05
Phone number: (303)315-5304
email: Nancy.Krebs@uchsc.edu

Area of Research:
Zinc and trace mineral nutrition in the human, defining dietary requirements and evaluating the metabolic regulation and adaptation to different intakes and physiologic states. Research also includes effects on mineral bioavailability of various dietary components, including phytate, iron supplementation, and macronutrient composition. Populations of interest include normal infants, (especially breastfed), pregnant or lactating women, and premature infants, and infants and children with cystic fibrosis.

Clinical investigations also include comparisons of treatment approaches for adolescent obesity, including pharmacologic agents, high protein/low carbohydrate vs low fat/high carbohydrate dietary regimens, et al.

Educational/Professional Background:
Dr. Krebs received a Master of Science degree in Human Nutrition from the University of Maryland and her M.D. degree from the University of Colorado School of Medicine. She completed a residency in Pediatrics and completed a 3 year fellowship in Pediatric Nutrition and Gastroenterology, in both of which she is board certified. She joined the faculty of the Department of Pediatrics as an Assistant Professor in 1993 and was promoted to Associate Professor in 1998. Since 1993, she has served as the medical director for the Department of Coordinated Nutrition Services at The Children's Hospital, and in 1998 assumed leadership as Head of the Section of Nutrition within the Department of Pediatrics. She has also been very active in the nutrition education programs in the School of Medicine, and served as Associate Director (Education) for the Center for Human Nutrition from 1990-1999. Currently she is the PI for the NIH supported Nutrition Academic Award for UCD. After serving for 4 years on the Committee on Nutrition (CON) for the American Academy of Pediatrics, in 2001 Dr Krebs became the Chair of the CON.

Associated Links:
UCD NAA web site: http://www.uchsc.edu/naa
National NAA web site: http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/funding/training/naa/
UCD Dept of Peds web site: http://www.uchsc.edu/peds/subs/nutri/index.htm
Global Network for Women’s and Children’s Health Research: http://gn.rti.org/

Grants Held (Current):

Nutrition Academic Award [K07]
     Integration of Clinical Nutrition into Medical Training
     Principal Investigator: Nancy F. Krebs 
     Source: National Institutes of Health/NIDDK 
	
Pancreatic Metallothionein: Modulator of Zn Metabolism?   
     Principal Investigator: Nancy F. Krebs  (25%)
	 Source: NIH/NIDDK
	
Agriculture, Maternal-Infant Nutrition & Public Health
     Principal Investigator: K.Michael Hambidge, MD, PI; NF Krebs Co-PI (25%). 
	 Source: NIH/NICHD 

Low phytate corn mutants: mineral absorption; 
     Principal Investigator: K.Michael Hambidge, MD, PI; NF Krebs Co-PI;. 
	 Source: USDA 

Relationship of Zinc Intake and Zinc Status to Insulin Levels in 
Severely Obese Adolescents Enrolled in a Weight Loss Intervention Trial. 
     Principal Investigator: Nancy F. Krebs  
     Source: National Cattlemen's Beef Association

Measurement of Mineral Absorption from a Term Infant Formula 
with Dominant Bovine Alpha-Lactalbumin
     Principal Investigator: Nancy F. Krebs  
	 Source: Wyeth Nutrition

Colorado MCH LEND; MCJ-089413-01-0 
     Principal lnvestigator: Randi Hagerman 
     Co-Investigator: Nancy F Krebs 
     Source: National Institutes of Health/MCH 

Zinc, Fat and Calcium Balance in Term Infants Fed Milk-Based 
Formula and Hydrolysate-Based Formulas CP-AJ72 
     Principal Iinvestigator: Nancy F Krebs 
     Source: Ross Products Division/Abbott Laboratories 

Treatment alternatives in pediatric Type 2 diabetes.
     Co-Investigator: Nancy Krebs
     Principal Investigator:  Phil Zeitler					
     Source:  NIH/NIDDK

Publications:

  1. Moser PB, Krebs NF, Blyler E. Zinc hair concentrations and estimated zinc intakes of functionally delayed normal sized and small-for-age children. Nutr Res 2(5):585-590, 1982.
  2. Hambidge KM, Krebs NF, Jacobs MA, Favier A, Guyettel, Ikle DN. Zinc nutritional status during pregnancy: A longitudinal study. Am J Clin Nutr 37:429-442, 1983.
  3. Walravens PA, Krebs NF, Hambidge KM. Linear growth of low income preschool children receiving a zinc supplement. Am J Clin Nutr 38:195-201, 1983.
  4. Krebs NF, Hambidge KM, Walravens PA. Increased food intake of young children receiving a zinc supplement. Am J Dis in Child 138:270-273, 1984.
  5. Hambidge KM, Krebs NF, Walravens A. Growth velocity of young children receiving a dietary zinc supplement. Nutr Res 1:306-316, 1985.
  6. Krebs NF, Hambidge KM, Jacobs MA, Mylet S. Zinc in human milk: Diurnal and within feed patterns. J Pediatr Gastr Nutr 4:227-229, 1985.
  7. Krebs NF, Hambidge KM, Jacobs MA, OLiva-Rasbach J. The effects of a dietary zinc supplement during lactation on longitudinal changes in maternal zinc status and milk zinc concentrations. Am J Clin Nutr 41:560-570, 1985.
  8. Krebs NF, Hambidge KM. Zinc requirements and zinc intakes of breast fed infants. Am J Clin Nutr 43:288-292, 1986.
  9. Hambidge KM, Krebs NF, Zerbe GO, Lilly JR. Plasma and urine zinc in infants and children with extra-hepatic biliary atresia. J Pediatr Gastr Nutr 6:872-877, 1987.
  10. Hambidge KM, Krebs NF, Sibley L, English JL. Acute effects of iron therapy on zinc status during pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol 70:593-596, 1987.
  11. Hambidge KM, Krebs NF. Upper limits of zinc, copper and manganese in infant formulas. J Nutr 119:1861-1864, 1989.
  12. Krebs NF, Reidinger C, Robertson AD, Hambidge KM. Growth and intakes of energy and zinc in infants fed human milk. J Pediatr 124:32-9, 1994.
  13. Townsend SF, Briggs KK, Krebs NF, Hambidge KM. Zinc supplementation selectively decreases fetal hepatocyte DNA synthesis and insulin-like growth factorll gene expression in primary culture. Pediatr Res 35:404-8, 1994.
  14. Krebs NF, Reidinger CJ, Hartley S, Robertson AD, Hambidge KM. Zinc supplementation during lactation: Effects on maternal status and milk zinc concentrations. Am J Clin Nutr 61:1030-6, 1995.
  15. Krebs NF, Miller LV, Naake L, Lei S, Westcott JE, Fennessey PV, Hambidge KM. The use of stable isotope techniques to assess zinc metabolism. J Nutr Bioch 6(6):292-301, 1995.
  16. Hambidge KM, Krebs NF. Assessment of zinc status in man. Indian J Ped 62:169-180,1995.
  17. Dewey KG, Peerson JM, Brown KH, Krebs NF, Michaelsen KF, Persson LA, Salmenpera L, Whitehead RG, Yeung DIL and WHO Subcommittee on Infant Growth. Growth of breastfed infants deviates from current reference data: A pooled analysis of U.S., Canadian and European datasets. Pediatrics 96:495-503, 1995.
  18. Krebs NF, Reidinger CJ, Miller LV, Hambidge KM. Zinc homeostasis in breastfed infants. Pediatr Res 39:661-5, 1996.
  19. Lei S, Xiang M, Miller LV, Krebs NF, Lei T, and Hambidge, KM. Zinc absorption and intestinal losses of endogenous zinc in young Chinese women with a marginal zinc intake. Am J Clin Nutr 63:348- 53, 1996.
  20. Krebs NF, Reidinger CJ, Robertson AD, Brenner M. Bone density changes during lactation: maternal, dietary and biochemical correlates. Am J Clin Nutr 65:1731-1738,1997.
  21. Krebs NF, Murtaugh M. American Dietetic Association, Position Paper on Breastfeeding Promotion. J Am Dietet Assoc 97:662-666,1997.
  22. Arnold TD, Fidanza SJ, Smith S, Krebs NF, Wedemeyer H, Childress LM, James JF. Enteral feeding contamination in a pediatric hospital. J Pediatr Pharm Prac 2:17-22,1997.
  23. Easley D, Krebs NF, Jefferson M, Miller LV, Erskine J, Accurso FJ, Hambidge KM. Effect of pancreatic enzymes on zinc absorption in cystic fibrosis. J Pediatr Gastro Nutr 26:136-139,1998.
  24. Krebs NF. Zinc supplementation during lactation. Am J Clin Nutr 68(suppl):509S-12S,1998
  25. Hambidge KM, Krebs NF, Miller LV. Zinc metabolism: implications for the assessment of zinc status. Am J Clin Nutr 68(suppl) 410S-3S, 1998.
  26. Krebs NF, Sontag M, Accurso F, Hambidge KM. Plasma zinc concentrations in young infants with cystic fibrosis. J Pediatr 133:761-764,1998.
  27. Huffer JW, Westcott JE, Miller LV, Krebs NF. Microwave method for preparing erythrocytes for measurement of zinc concentration and zinc stable isotope enrichment. Anal Chem 70:2218-20, 1998.
  28. Narkewicz MR, Krebs NF, Karrer F, Eller KO, Sokol RJ. Correction of hypozincernia following liver transplantation in children is associated with reduced urinary zinc loss. Hepatology 29:830 833,1999.
  29. Krebs NF, Reidinger CJ, Miller LV, Borschel M. Zinc homeostasis in normal infants fed a casein hydrolysate formula. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 30:29-33, 2000.
  30. Krebs NF, Westcott JE, Arnold TD, Kluger BM, Accurso FJ, Miller LV, Hambidge KM. Abnormalities in zinc homeostasis in young infants with cystic fibrosis. Pediatr Res 48:256-261, 2000.
  31. Krebs NF. Zinc transfer to the breastfed infant. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia, 4/3:259-268, 1999.
  32. Manary MJ, Hotz CS, Krebs NF, Gibson RS, Westcott JE, Arnold T, Broadhead RL, Hambidge KM. Dietary phytate reduction improves zinc homeostasis in Malawian children recovering from tuberculosis, but not other well children. J. Nutr. 130: 2959-2964, 2000.
  33. Miller LV, Krebs NF, Hambidge KM. Development of a compartmental model of human zinc metabolism: identifiability and multiple studies analyses. Am J Physiol (Regul Integr Comp Physiol). 2000 Nov;279(5):R1671-84.
  34. Kadan-Lottick N, Marshall J, Baron A, Krebs NF, Hambidge KM, Albano E. Normal bone mineral density in survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. J Pediatr 138:898-904,2001.
  35. Jalla S, Jamie Westcott, Marsha Steirn, Leland V Miller, Krebs NF. Zinc absorption from complementary foods in breastfed infants. J Pediatr Gastr Nutr 34:35-41, 2002.
  36. Krebs NF, Hambidge KM. Zinc metabolism and homeostasis: the application of tracer techniques to human zinc physiology. Biometals 14: 397-412;2001.
  37. Adams CL, Hambidge KM, Raboy V, Dorsch JA, S. Lei, Westcott JE, Krebs NF. Zinc absorption from a low phytic acid maize. Accepted, Am J Clin Nutr 76:556-9, 2002.
  38. Manary MJ, Hotz C, Krebs NF, Gibson RG, Westcott JE, Broadhead RL, Hambidge KM. Zinc homeostasis in Malawian children on a high phytate maize-based diet. Am J Clin Nutr 75:1057-61, 2002.
  39. Sian L, Krebs NF, Westcott JE, Fenglian L, Tong L, Miller LV, Sonko B, Hambidge KM. Zinc homeostasis during lactation in a population with low zinc intake. Am J Clin Nutr 75:99-103, 2002.
  40. Hambidge KM, Krebs NF. Interrelationships between key variables of zinc homeostasis: relevance to dietary zinc requirements. Annu Rev Nutr 21: 429-52, 2001.
  41. Manary MJ, Krebs NF, Gibson RS, Broadhead RL, KM Hambidge. Community-based dietary phytate reduction and its effect on iron status on Malawian children. Ann Tropical Paediatr 22:133-136, 2002
  42. Miller LA, Grunwald G, Johnson SL, Krebs NF. Disease severity at time of referral for pediatric failure-to-thrive and obesity: Time for a paradigm shift? J Pediatr 141:121-4, 2002.
  43. Parrish LA, Marshall JA, Krebs NF, Rewers M, Norris JM. Validation of a food frequency questionnaire in pre-school children using maternal recall. Epidemiology, 2001, accepted.
  44. Ostrom KM, Borschel MW, Westcott JE, Richardson KS, Krebs NF. Lower Calcium Absorption in Infants Fed Casein Hydrolysate and Soy Protein - Based Infant Formulas Containing Palm Olein Versus Formulas Without Palm Olein. J Am Coll of Nutr, 2002, accepted.

Chapters/Books/Non-Referred Material

  1. Hambidge KM, Krebs NF, Walravens PA. Growth - the importance of zinc. In: Zinc in Human Medicine, Proceedings of a Symposium on the Role of Zinc in Health and Disease, Til Publications Limited, Isleworth, pp 81-94, 1984.
  2. Krebs NF, Hambidge KM. Zinc supplementation during lactation: Effects on maternal zinc status and milk zinc concentrations. In: Trace Element Metabolism in Man and Animals-5, (Mills CF, Bremner 1, Chesters JK, eds), Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux, Slough, UK, pp 416-419, 1985.
  3. Hambidge KM, Krebs NF. Mild Human Zinc Deficiency. Diminished Growth Velocity and Other Features. In: Spurenelemente, Stoffwechsel, Ernahrung, Imbalancen, Ultra-Trace-Elemente, (Gladtke E, Heimann G, Lombeck 1, Eckert 1, eds), Georg Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart, pp 205-212, 1985.
  4. Hambidge KM, Casey CE, Krebs NF. Zinc. In: Trace Elements in Human and Animal Nutrition, 5th Edition, (Mertz W, ed), Academic Press, Florida, Volume 2, pp 1-137, 1986.
  5. Hambidge KM, Krebs NF, Walravens PA. Zinc deficiency. In: Proceedings of the X111th International Congress of Nutrition, John Libbey, London, pp 513-516, 1986.
  6. Krebs NF, Hambidge KM. Changes in milk zinc concentrations with duration of lactation and zinc requirements of the breast fed infant. In: Human Lactation: Effect of Maternal and Environmental Factors (Hamosh M, Goldman AS, eds), Plenum Press, New York, pp 359-362, 1986.
  7. Krebs NF, Novacky AM, Hambidge KM, Ellison FIT. Zinc and the bacteriostatic quality of human milk. In: Trace Elements in Man and Animals-6, (Hurley LS, Keen CL, Lonnerdal B, Rucker RB, eds), Plenum Publishing Corporation, New York, pp 401-402, 1988.
  8. Krebs NF, Hambidge KM, Hagerman RJ, Peirce PL, Johnson KM, English JL, Miller ILL, Fennessey PV. Effects of pharmacologic doses of folate on zinc absorption and zinc status. In: Nutrient Availability: Chemical & Biological Aspects, (Southgate D, Johnson 1, Fenwick GR), Proceedings of the Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, pp 226-228. 1989.
  9. Hambidge KM, Krebs NF. Normal childhood nutrition and its disorders. In: (Hathaway W, Groothuis J, Hay W, Paisley J, eds), Current Pediatric Diagnosis & Treatment, 10th Edition, Appleton & Lange, 1990.
  10. Krebs NF, Reidinger C, Westcott J, Miller L, Fennessey P, Hambidge KM. Whole body zinc metabolism in full-term, breastfed and formula fed infants. IN: Nutrient Regulation During Pregnancy, Lactation, and Infant Growth,(Allen L, King JC Lonnerdal B, eds.) Plenum Press, New York, 1994, pp 217-220.
  11. Krebs NF, Reidinger C, Miller LV, Fennessey PV, Hambidge KM. Zinc absorption and fecal excretion of enclogenous zinc in the breastfed infant. Proceedings of Trace Element Metabolism in Man and Animals-8, Verlag Media Touristik, Dresden, Germany, 1993, pp 1110-1113.
  12. Hambidge KM, Krebs NF, Miller LV, Coleman M, Widlar M, Fennessey PV. Estimation of the total size of pools of zinc that exchange with plasma within two days in normal infants and adults. Proceedings of Trace Element Metabolism in Man and Animals-8, Verlag Media Touristik, Dresden, Germany, 1993, pp 1105-1109.
  13. Hambidge KM, Krebs NF. Normal childhood nutrition and its disorders. In: Current Pediatric Diagnosis and Treatment, 1 2th Edition, (Hay WW, Groothuis JR, Hayward AR, Levin MJ), Appleton & Lange, 1994, pp 257-282.
  14. Hambidge KM, Sokol R, Krebs NF. Energy and nutrient requirements. In: Pediatric Clinical Gastroenterology, Fourth Edition. (Roy CC, Silverman A, Alagille D, eds), CV Mosby, pp 1005-1019, 1995.
  15. Hambidge M, Sokol R, Krebs NF. Infant feeding. In: Pediatric Clinical Gastroenterology, Fourth Edition. (Roy CC, Silverman A, Alagille D, eds), CV Mosby, pp 1020-1029, 1995.
  16. Hambidge M, Sokol R, Krebs NF. Enteral and parenteral alimentation. In: Pediatric Clinical Gastroenterology, Fourth Edition. (Roy CC, Silverman A, Alagille D, eds), CV Mosby, pp 1030-1045, 1995.
  17. Hambidge KM, Krebs NF. Nutrition and feeding. In: Handbook of Pediatrics, Chapter 4, 17th Edition, (Rosenberg A, ed), Appleton & Lange, 1995.
  18. Krebs NF, Reidinger C, Westcott JE, Miller LV, Fennessey PV, Hambidge KM. Stable isotope studies of zinc metabolism in infants. In: Proceedings of Mathematical Modeling in Experimental Nutrition IV: Trace Element/ Mineral Metabolism During Development, (Wastney ME, Subramanian KNS, eds) CRC Press, 1995, pp 65-72.
  19. Hambidge M, Miller L, Naake V, Zhaohi H, Krebs NF, Westcott J, Fennessey P. Zinc that exchanges with zinc in plasma within two days: variation with dietary zinc. In: Proceedings of Mathematical Modeling in Experimental Nutrition IV: Trace Element/ Mineral Metabolism During Development, (Wastney ME, Subramanian KNS, eds) CRC Press, 1995, pp 117-128.
  20. Krebs NF. Zinc homeostasis in Infants. Proceedings of Trace Element Metabolism in Man and Animals-9, NRC Research Press, Ottawa, Canada, pp 493-6, 1997.
  21. Miller LV, Krebs NF, Jefferson M, Easley D, and Hambidge KM. Compartmental modeling of human zinc metabolism: evaluation of method for estimating the size of the rapidly exchanging pool of zinc. Proceedings of Trace Element Metabolism in Man and Animals- 9, NRC Research Press, Ottawa, Canada, pp 144-5, 1997.
  22. Krebs NF, Hambidge KM. Trace elements in human nutrition. In: Nutrition in Pediatrics, Basic Science and Clinical Applications, 2nd ed (Walker WA, Watkins JB, eds), 1997, pp 91-114.
  23. Hambidge KM, Krebs NF. Normal childhood nutrition and its disorders. In: Current Pediatric Diagnosis and Treatment, 13th Edition, (Hay WW, Groothuis JR, Hayward AR, Levin MJ, eds), Appleton & Lange, 1997, pp 259-284.
  24. Krebs NF. Gastrointestinal problems and disorders. In: Pediatric Undernutrition: Failure to Thrive in Young Children: A Transdisciplinary Approach. (Kessler DB, Dawson P, eds), Baltimore: Paul Brookes Publishing Co, 1999.
  25. Miller LV, Krebs NF, Hambidge KM. Human zinc metabolism: Advances in the modeling of stable isotope data. In: Proceedings of Mathematical Models in Experimental Nutrition VI: Clifford AJ, ed) Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology (Clifford AJ, Muller HG, eds),Plenum Press, New York, vol 445,1998, pp 253-269.
  26. Hambidge KM, Krebs NF. Zinc metabolism and requirements. In: Zinc and Human Health: Results of Recent Intervention Trials and Implications for Programmatic Interventions and Program-linked Research. Proceedings of Workshop at University of California, Davis, 1999.
  27. Krebs NF, Hambidge KM. Normal childhood nutrition and its disorders. In: Current Pediatric Diagnosis and Treatment, 15th Edition, (Hay WW, Hayward AR, Levin MJ, Sondheimer, JM, eds), Appleton & Lange, 2000, pp249-274.
  28. Krebs NF. Dietary zinc and iron sources, physical growth and cognitive development of breastfed infants. J Nutr 130: 358S-360S, 2000.
  29. Krebs NF. Overview of zinc absorption and excretion in the human gastrointestinal tract. J Nutr 130: 1374S-1377S, 2000.
  30. Krebs NF. Bioavailability of dietary supplements and impact of physiologic state: Infants, children, and adolescents. J Nutr, 2001; 131:1351S-1354S.
  31. Herrmann T, Krebs NF. Zinc nutrition and the fetus and preterm neonate. Seminars in Neonatal Nutrition and Metabolism. 7: 5-7, 2000.
  32. Martin C. The Nursing Mother's Problem Solver. Ed NF Krebs, Simon & Schuster, New York, 2000.
  33. Hambidge KM, Krebs NF, Caulfield L. Zinc and human pregnancy. In: Proceedings of Trace Element Metabolism in Man and Animals-10, Kluwar Acacemic/Plenum Publishers, NY, 2000, pp 347-352.
  34. Hambidge KM, Krebs NF. Zinc and growth. In: Proceedings of Trace Element Metabolism in Man and Animals-10, Kluwar Acacemic/Plenum Publishers, NY, 2000, pp 977-980.
  35. Krebs NF, Westcott JE. Zinc and Breastfed Infants: If and When Is there a risk of Deficiency? In: Integrating Population Outcomes, Biological Mechanisms and Research Methods in the Study of Human Milk and Lactation. Eds: Davis MK, Isaacs CE, Hanson LA, Wright AL. (Kluwar Academic/Plemum Publishers, New York) Adv Exper Med Biol 503: 69-75, 2002.
  36. Salgueiro MJ, Krebs NF, Zubillaga MB, Weill R, Postaire E, Lysionek AE, Caro RA, De Paoli T, Hager A, Boccio J. Zinc and diabetes mellitus: is there a need of zinc supplementation in diabetes mellitus patients? Biol Trace Elem Res 2001;81:215-28..
  37. Krebs NF, Complementary foods for breastfed infants: Timing is Everything, Pediatric Basics, 2002 (in press).
  38. Krebs NF, Hambidge KM, Westcott J, Miller LV, Sian L, Grunwald G. Exchangeable zinc pool size in infants is related to key variables of zinc homeostasis. J Nutr (suppl), (in press)
  39. Krebs NF. Use of stable isotope methods to investigate zinc metabolism in clinical pediatrics. J Radioanalyt Nucl Chem (in press).
  40. Hambidge KM, Krebs NF, Westcott JE, Miller LV, Lei S, Lavely J, Mazariegos M, Solomons NW. Plant breeding to improve the content and bioavailability of zinc in cereals. J Radioanalyt Nucl Chem (in press).

Letters to the Editor/Short Communications

  1. Hambidge KM, Krebs NF. Zinc requirements in pregnancy. The Lancet i:497, 1986.
  2. Krebs NF. Counterpoint (Invited editorial re nutrition education for physicians). Am J Prev Med 12:229-30,1996.
  3. Krebs NF. Breastfeeding message not easy to hear. AAP News 14:10,1998
  4. Hambidge KM, Krebs NF. Zinc, diarrhea, and pneumonia. Editorial, J Pediatr 135:661-4, 1999.
  5. Krebs NF, Johnson SL. Guidelines for healthy children: promoting eating, moving, and common sense. J Amer Dietet Assoc, 100: 37-39, 2000.
  6. Byers TE, Krebs NF. Six lessons in medical nutrition education. J Cancer Educ 15:117-8, 2000
  7. Krebs NF. Putting Research into Practice: Using the New Growth Charts. Pediatric Basics 94: 7, 2001.
  8. Hambidge M, Miller L, Krebs NF, Westcott J, Grunwald G. Accuracy of simple techniques for estimating fractional zinc absorption in humans. J Nutr 132:322,2002.

Abstracts

  1. Krebs NF, Hambidge KM, Lyle CC, Freeland SF, Chanmugam P, Casey CE. Dietary intake of zinc during pregnancy and lactation by middle income women. VIth Western Hemisphere of Nutrition Congress, 1980.
  2. Krebs NF, Moser PB, Blyler EM, Smith JC, Kozlowski BW. Hair zinc concentrations in small-for age and normal sized functionally retarded children. [American Institute of Nutrition] Fed Proc 39:652, 1980.
  3. Walravens PA, Krebs NF, Hambidge KM. Zinc supplementation of low income preschool children: Effect on growth. [Society for Pediatric Research] Pediatr Res 15:550, 1981.
  4. Hambidge KM, Krebs NF, Lyle CC, Jacobs MA, Mylet SA. Zinc nutritional status during pregnancy. [American Institute of Nutrition] Fed Proc 41:348A, 1982.
  5. Walravens PA, Krebs NF, Hambidge KM. Growth acceleration with zinc supplementation in low income preschool children. [Western Society for Pediatric Research] Clin Res 30(1):138A, 1982.
  6. Krebs NF, Walravens PA, Hambidge KM. Zinc supplementation of low income preschool children: Effect on food intake. [Western Society for Pediatric Research] Clin Res 31(1):131A, 1983.
  7. Krebs NF, Hambidge KM, Jacobs MA. Effects of zinc supplementation during lactation. [American Institute of Nutrition] Fed Proc 43:667, 1984.
  8. Rasbach JO, Krebs NF, Hambidge KM. Maternal dietary zinc intake during lactation: A longitudinal study. [American Institute of Nutrition] Fed Proc 43:667, 1984
  9. Krebs NF, Hambidge KM, Jacobs MA. The effect of a zinc supplement during lactation on maternal plasma zinc and milk zinc concentrations. [Western Society for Pediatric Research] Clin Res 32:118A, 1984.
  10. Krebs NF, Hambidge KM, Jacobs MA. Plasma copper and ceruloplasmin concentrations during lactation. [American Institute of Nutrition] Fed Proc 44:1855, 1985.
  11. Krebs NF, Hambidge KM, Hall RJ, Lilly JR. Plasma zinc in infant and children with extra hepatic biliary atresia. [American Institute of Nutrition] Fed Proc 45:973, 1986.
  12. Krebs NF, Hambidge KM, Lilly JR. Zinc status in infants and children with extra-hepatic biliary atresia. [Western Society for Pediatric Research] Clin Res 35:229A, 1987.
  13. Krebs NF, Hambidge KM, Sibley L, English J. Acute effects of iron therapy on zinc status during pregnancy. [American Institute of Nutrition] Fed Proc 46:2518, 1987.
  14. Hambidge KM, Sibley L, English JL, Krebs NF. Acute effects of iron therapy on maternal zinc status during pregnancy. [Western Society for Pediatric Research] Clin Res 35:229A, 1987.
  15. Krebs NF, Hambidge KM, Hagerman RJ, Peirce PL, Johnson KM, English JL. The effects of pharmacologic doses of folate on zinc absorption and zinc status. [American Society for Clinical Nutrition] Am J Clin Nutr 47:783, 1988.
  16. Krebs NF, Hambidge KM, Accurso F, Bronstein M. Zinc status of infants with cystic fibrosis prior to therapy. [Cystic Fibrosis Foundation] Pediatric Pulmonology 5:269, 1990.
  17. Krebs NF, Reidinger C, Westcott JL, Hartley S, Hambidge KM. The effect of zinc supplementation during lactation on maternal zinc status and milk zinc concentrations. [American Institute of Nutrition] The FASEB Journal 5:A1289, 1991.
  18. Krebs NF, Reidinger C, Hambidge KM. Intake and growth of breast-fed infants. [American Society for Clinical Nutrition] Am J Clin Nutr 53(3):P-21, 1991.
  19. Townsend SF, Krebs NF, Briggs KK, Hambidge KM. Zinc effect on fetal hepatocyte proliferation and insulin-like growth factor. [Western Society for Pediatric Research] Clinical Research 40:1, 1992.
  20. Krebs NF, Reidinger C, Robertson AD, Brenner M, King JC, Hambidge KM. Longitudinal measurements of bone metabolism and bone density during lactation. [American Institute of Nutrition] FASEB Journal 6:A1083, 1992.
  21. Hambidge KM, Lloyd L, King JC, Westcott J, Krebs NF, Miller LV, Fennessey PV. Fractional absorption of zinc during pregnancy: a longitudinal study. [American Institute of Nutrition] FASEB Journal 6:A1788, 1992.
  22. Krebs NF, Lloyd L, Westcott JE, Fennessey PV, Miller LV, Robertson AD, King JC, Hambidge KM. Longitudinal study of zinc absorption during lactation. [American Society for Clinical Nutrition] Am J Clin Nutr, 56:766, 1992.
  23. Townsend SF, Krebs NF, Hambidge KM. Zinc supplementation decreases fetal hepatocyte growth and insulin-like growth factor 11 (IGF-11) gene expression. [Society for Pediatric Research] Pediatr Res, 31:296A, 1992.
  24. Krebs NF, Reidinger C, Miller LV, Fennessey PV, Hambidge KM. Whole body zinc metabolism in breastfed infants. [American Institute of Nutrition] FASEB Journal 7(3):A153, 1993.
  25. Krebs NF, Miller LV, Fennessey PV, Accurso FJ, Hambidge KM. Excessive fecal losses of endogenous zinc in infants with cystic fibrosis. [Society for Pediatric Research] Pediatric Res 32:(6)102A, 1993.
  26. Sokol RJ, Krebs NF, Bronstein MN, Stall CD, Abman SH, Hammond KB, Accurso FJ. Randomized trial of predigested formula vs standard infant formula in infants with cystic fibrosis (CF) identified by newborn screening. Pediatr Res 35:801, 1994.
  27. Lembcke JL, Brown, KH, Lonnerdal B, Salazar M, Krebs NF, Hambidge KM. Zinc fractional absorption and endogenous zinc excretion assessed with stable isotopes in soy-fed children. [American Institute of Nutrition] FASEB Journal 8:A890, 1994.
  28. Krebs NF, Reidinger CJ, Miller LV, Widlar M, Jefferson M, Borschel M, Hambidge KM. Zinc absorption from infant formulas. [American Institute of Nutrition] FASEB Journal 8:A4034, 1994.
  29. Lei S, Xiang M, Miller LV, Krebs NF, Lei T, Hambidge KM. Zinc (Zn) homeostasis in young Chinese women with a marginal Zn intake. [American Society for Clinical Nutrition] Am J Clin Nutr, 1995.
  30. Erskine JM, Lingard C, Accurso FJ, Krebs NF. Enteral nutrition for patients with cystic fibrosis: comparison of a semi-elemental and non-elemental formula. [Cystic Fibrosis Foundation] Pediatr Pulmonol, 1995.
  31. Erskine JM, Krebs NF, Accurso FJ. Early gastrostomy for growth failure in infants and toddlers with cystic fibrosis. [Cystic Fibrosis Foundation] Pediatr Pulmonol, 1995.
  32. Easley IDJ, Krebs NF, Jefferson M, Miller LV, Erskine J, Hambidge KM. Effect of pancreatic enzymes on zinc absorption in cystic fibrosis. [Western Society for Pediatric Research.] J Investigative Med 44:163A,1996. 1996.
  33. Krebs NF, Westcott JE, Butler-Simon N. Effects of a zinc supplement on growth of normal breastf ed infants. [American Institute of Nutrition] FASEB Journal 10:A230,1996.
  34. Miller LV, Krebs NF, Jefferson M, Easley D, Hambidge KM. Compartmental modeling of human zinc metabolism: model development using multiple stable isotopes. [American Institute of Nutrition] FASEB Journal 10:A193, 1996.
  35. Sazawal S, Jalla S, Dhingra P, Krebs NF, Black RE, Bhan MK. Impact of zinc supplementation on breast milk zinc levels among low socioeconomic Indian women. [American Institute of Nutrition] FASEB Journal 10:A554, 1996.
  36. Narkewicz MR, Karrer F, Smith D, Orbain-Eller K, Krebs NF, Sokol RJ. Effects of OLT on zincuria and plasma zinc in children with liver disease. [North American Society Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition] J Pediatr Gastroent Nutr, 1996.
  37. Arnold T, Fidanza SJ, Smith S, Krebs NF, Wedemeyer H, Childress L, James JF. Enteral feeding contamination in a pediatric hospital. [American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition] Nutr Clin Prac 12:91-96, 1997.
  38. Fidanza SJ, Smith S, Ybarra R, Limberis P, Niermeyer S, Krebs NF Apparent glutamine toxicity in an infant with short bowel syndrome and liver disease. [ American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition] Nutr Clin Prac 12:91-96, 1997.
  39. Westcott JL, Reidinger CJ, Krebs NF. Growth of breastfed infants through the first three years of life. [American Society for Nutritional Sciences] FASEB Journal 11: A146, 1997.
  40. Huffer JW, Westcott JL, Krebs NF. Method for measuring natural abundance and isotopic zinc in red blood cells.[American Society for Nutritional Sciences] FASEB Journal 11:A407, 1997.
  41. Richardson KS, Westcott JL, Krebs NF, Hambidge KM, Borschel MW. Fractional net absorption of fat and calcium in infants fed hydrolysate formulas with different fat sources. [American Society for Nutritional Sciences] FASEB Journal 11: A146, 1997.
  42. Sazawal S, Black RE, Jalla S, Mazumder S, Krebs NF, Bhan MK. Zinc supplementation daily for four months did not affect plasma copper status in infants. [American Society for Nutritional Sciences] FASEB Journal 11:A606, 1997.
  43. Jalla S, Krebs NF,Rodden IDJ, Miller LV. Zinc homeostasis in very low birth weight infants - a comparison of human milk and formulas. [Soc for Pediatric Research] Pediatric Res 41:233A, 1997.
  44. Sontag MK, Grescher AA, Accurso FJ, Krebs NF. Longitudinal characterization of growth and growth tracking in infants and toddlers with cystic fibrosis identified by newborn screen. [Cystic Fibrosis Foundation], Pediatr Pulmonology 14S:304;1997.
  45. Krebs NF, Sontag FJ, Hambidge KM. Plasma zinc and albumin in cystic fibrosis infants identified through newborn screening: relationship to enzyme therapy. [Cystic Fibrosis Foundation], Pediatr Pulmonology 14S:309;1997.
  46. Kluger BM, Arnold TD, Miller LV, Accurso FJ, Krebs NF. Zinc homeostasis in infants with cystic fibrosis. J Investigative Med 46:67A, 1997.
  47. Krebs NF, Westcott JE, Huffer JW, Miller LV. Absorption of exogenous zinc and secretion of endogenous zinc in the human small intestine. [American Society for Nutritional Sciences] FASEB Journal 12:A345,1 998.
  48. Hambidge KM, Krebs NF, Miller LV. Development of a compartmental model to fit zinc stable isotope tracer data. [American Society for Nutritional Sciences] FASEB Journal 12:A345, 1998.
  49. Jalla S, Steirn ME, Miller LV, Krebs NF. Comparison of zinc absorption from beef vs iron fortified rice cereal in breastfed infants. [American Society for Nutritional Sciences] FASEB Journal 12:A346,1998.
  50. Westcott JL, Simon NB, Krebs NF. Growth, zinc and iron status, and development of exclusively breastfed infants fed meat vs cereal as a first weaning food. [American Society for Nutritional Sciences] FASEB Journal 12:A847, 1998.
  51. Krebs NF, Westcott JE, Miller LV. Quantification and Localization of Secretion and reabsorption of intestinal enclogenous zinc (Zn) by whole body compartmental model. [American Society for Nutritional Sciences] FASEB Journal, 1999.
  52. Westcott JE, Steirn ME, Krebs NF, Ostrom KM. Feeding a soy formula without palm olein oil increases calcium absorption (FNA). [American Society for Nutritional Sciences] FASEB Journal, 1999.
  53. Krebs NF, Westcott JE, Miller LV, Herrmann TS, Hambdige KM. Exchangeable zinc pool size in normal infants: correlates with parameters of zinc homeostasis. FASEB Journal 14: A205, 2000.
  54. Adams C, Raboy V, Krebs NF, Westcott JE, Lei S, Hambidge KM. The effect of low-phytic acid corn mutants on zinc absorption. FASEB Journal 14: A510, 2000
  55. Lei S, Krebs NF, Westcott JE, Miller LV, Hambidge KM. Zinc homeostasis during early lactation in women with low dietary zinc intakes. FASEB Journal 14: A476, 2000.
  56. Ruz M, Codoceo J, Krebs NF, Lei S, Westcott JE, Hambidge KM. Zinc absorption from micronutrient-fortified dried cow milk. FASEB Journal 14: A205, 2000.
  57. Zachar P, Mazariegos M, Mena I, Brown S, Seagle H, Krebs NF, Solomons NW, Hambidge KM. Zinc deficiency at the millenium: the study of a semi-rural Guatemalan community. FASEB Journal 14:A510, 2000
  58. Krebs NF, Steirn M, Westcott JE. High iron (Fe) formula associated with lower zinc (Zn) absorption in breastfed infants. Pediatr Res 130: 204A, 2000.
  59. Arnold TD, Withrow N, Erb C, Milton J, James J, Krebs NF. Reducing microbiological contamination of enteral feeding solutions used in a pediatric hospital. J Invest Med 49 :60A, 2001.
  60. Huffer JW, Hambidge KM, Raboy VE, Dorsch JA, Krebs NF. Comparison of zinc absorption from two low phytic acid corns. J Invest Med 49 :42A, 2001
  61. Krebs NF, Westcott JE, Lei S, Miller LV. Effect of dietary zinc intake restriction on net secretion of intestinal endogenous zinc. FASEB Journal 14: A402, 2001.
  62. Hambidge KM, Huffer JW, Raboy VE, Dorsch JA, Westcott JE, Adams C, Krebs NF. Zinc absorption from two low phytic acid corns. FASEB Journal 14: A402, 2001
  63. VanHorn L, McGaghie W, Scott C, Kushner R, Edwards M, Krebs NF.Improving physicians' knowledge and practice in human nutrition: Goals and objectives of the Nutrition Academic Award program. FASEB Journal 14: A1095, 2001.
  64. Diaz M, Rosado JL, Salas R, Munoz EC, Westcott JE, Hambidge KM, Krebs NF. Bioavailability of zinc sulfate and zinc oxide added to tortilla. A study using stable isotopes. FASEB Journal 14: A732, 2001.

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